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What are the
symptoms?
Home » Patients » Understand CKD » CKD SYMPTOMS
Chronic kidney disease often progresses silently in its early stages. The kidneys compensate for the gradual loss of function, delaying the onset of symptoms. This is why the disease can remain asymptomatic for a long time and may only be detected at an advanced stage, when kidney function is already significantly impaired.22
Physical signs20,22
The decreased filtering capacity of the kidneys leads to an accumulation of toxins and fluids in the body, causing:
- Severe and unexplained fatigue: Due to the accumulation of waste in the blood and possible anemia caused by a decrease in erythropoietin production (a hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production).
- Edema: Swelling in the ankles, feet, or face caused by water and salt retention due to impaired kidney function.
- Decrease in urine output: Although some patients continue to urinate normally, their ability to eliminate toxins is reduced.
- Shortness of breath: Due to anemia or fluid buildup in the lungs (pulmonary edema).
- Muscle pain and cramps: Related to an electrolyte imbalance, particularly potassium and calcium, which play a key role in muscle contraction.
Digestive and metabolic disorders21,22
The accumulation of toxins in the blood (uremia) can cause digestive and metabolic imbalances:
- Loss of appetite, nausea, or vomiting: A direct consequence of uremia, which disrupts the functioning of the digestive system.
- Metallic taste in the mouth: Due to the accumulation of certain substances, such as urea, which alter taste perception.
- Persistent skin itching: Related to the accumulation of toxins under the skin, particularly excess phosphorus.
Effects on blood pressure and circulation3,23
The kidneys play a key role in regulating blood pressure and producing red blood cells. Their impairment leads to:
- High blood pressure: High blood pressure, which further damages the kidneys, creating a vicious cycle.
- Anemia and constant feeling of cold: A decrease in erythropoietin production leads to a reduction in red blood cell count, reducing tissue oxygenation and causing chronic fatigue as well as increased sensitivity to cold.
These symptoms should be reported to your doctor promptly to receive the correct diagnosis and prevent disease progression.
